EV Battery & Energy Technology
Deep-dive technical analysis, battery engineering insights, and engineering tools for EV professionals and enthusiasts.
52+
Technical Articles
6
Calculators
Weekly
Updates
Featured
Sodium-ion battery manufacturing differs from lithium-ion in three specific ways: the anode current collector is aluminium (not copper), the electrolyte salt is NaPF₆ (not LiPF₆), and the anode material is hard carbon (n
Browse by Topic
Sodium-ion batteries have no single dominant cathode chemistry — unlike lithium-ion where NMC and LFP have converged as the two primary commercial choices. Three cathode families compete in Na-ion: layered transition met
LFP (lithium iron phosphate) is the safety-first, low-cost choice that already dominates Indian EVs. Sodium-ion is trying to undercut LFP's cost while accepting an energy density penalty. Whether Na-ion beats LFP for any
Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in Earth's crust. It is in every ocean, every salt flat, and every kitchen. Lithium, by contrast, is concentrated in a handful of geopolitical flashpoints — Chile, Bolivia, Argen
Cell count, SxP layout & density
ThermalHeat output across duty profiles
ThermalReynolds, Nusselt, pressure-drop
ElectricalCross-section & thermal rise
BMSOCV-temperature SOC curve
ChargingCC-CV phase split & duration
Predicting how long an EV battery will last under a specific set of operating conditions requires a quantitative model linking temperature, SOC, C-rate, and cycle depth to capacity fade rate. Empirical Arrhenius-based mo
Battery capacity fade has three distinct molecular-level origins: lithium inventory loss (lithium consumed in SEI formation and ongoing growth, making it permanently unavailable for cycling), active material loss (cathod
Calendar aging follows the Arrhenius equation: every 10°C increase in temperature approximately doubles the rate. Cycle aging follows an empirical power law: capacity loss scales with cycle count raised to a fractional e
Your EV's battery is aging right now, even if it is parked and not being used. There are two separate aging processes running simultaneously — calendar aging (time-based, affected by temperature and state of charge) and
Cited Sources